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Guides to materials Materials and applications
Refractory Metals
Tungsten
(W) Atomic number: 74
Properties
*High heat resistance, high heat conductivity, high specific gravity
| Melting point (°C ) | 3387 |
the highest among all metals |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 172 | |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 4.5
|
the lowest among all metals |
| Specific gravity | 19.3 | equal to gold |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 4.2 | |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 345 |
Applications
- Filaments for illumination, crucible
- Heater for vacuum furnance
- All kinds of electrodes for discharge lamps, electrical contacts
- Heat screen material, TIG welding electrodes
- Components for semiconductor ion implantacion devices
- Sputtering targets
- Balance weight
Molybdenum
(Mo) Atomic number: 42
Properties
*Heat-resistant, high heat conductivity
| Melting point (°C ) | 2623 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 142 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 5.3 |
| Specific gravity | 10.2 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 2.6 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 276 |
Applications
- Illumination parts, lightbulb filament wire
- Heaters used in high temperature furnance as well as shields
- Crucible, sinter board
- Parts for power devices
- Magnetron parts used in microwave ovens
- Sputtering targets material
Tantalum
(Ta) Atomic number: 73
Properties
*Heat-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 2990 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 57.5 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 6.3 |
| Specific gravity | 16.7 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 0.7 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 185 |
Applications
- Parts for heat exchanger
- High temperature reactor components
- Source components for semiconductor ion implantation devices
ion implantation devices
Powder: condenser, target materials
Oxide: optical lenses’ additive
Carbide: cemented carbide tool
Niobium
(Nb) Atomic number: 41
Properties
*Heat-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 2415 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 54 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 7.0 |
| Specific gravity | 8.6 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 0.8 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 107 |
Applications
- Iron and steel additive
Carbide: cemented carbide tool
Intermetallic compound: Superconducting magnet
Compound metal: sputtering target material
Silver
(Ag) Atomic number: 47
Properties
High heat conductivity, high electric conductivity
| Melting point (°C ) | 960 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 420 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 19.0 |
| Specific gravity | 10.5 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 0.9 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 73 |
Applications
- Electric lines (low electric resistance)
- Audio cables
- Wiring for high frequency
- Tableware, jewels, dentist treatment
- Water purifiers (sterilization)
Can be used as a compound metal Copper
Copper
(Cu) Atomic number: 29
Properties
*High heat conductivity, high electric conductivity
| Melting point (°C ) | 1084 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 398 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 16.6 |
| Specific gravity | 8.9 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 0.8 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 130 |
Applications
- Wiring materials for electric appliances
- Electric lines (electric resistance is low and it is cheaper than silver)
- Coins, building materials
Can be used as a compound metal brass products etc.
Aluminium
(Al) Atomic number: 13
Properties
*Light weight
| Melting point (°C ) | 660 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 237 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 23.2 |
| Specific gravity | 2.7 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 0.5 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 71 |
Applications
- Coins, beverage cans, pots and pans
- Building materials, car parts
- Petrol engines
- Universal machine parts
Stainless steel
(SUS) steel alloy
Properties
*Corrosion-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 1450 |
|---|---|
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 16.3 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 18.0 |
| Specific gravity | 7.9 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 2.0 |
| Young’s modulus (GPa) | 200 |
Applications
-
Austenite type:
- Kitchen equipment
- Tableware
- Corrosion resistant equipment
- Universal machine parts
- Martensite type:
- Kitchen knives
- High-durability quenching machine parts
- Ferrite type
- Pots used by electromagnetic cookers
Ceramics
Alumina
(Aluminium oxide) Al2O3
Properties
*High hardness, abrasion-resistant, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 2054 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 200 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 30 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 5.3 |
| Specific gravity | 3.9 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 18 |
Applications
- Electric insulation parts
- Furnace walls, furnace parts, jigs
- Nozzles, spinning tube
- Reaction crucible、reaction vessels
- Semiconductor-related parts
- Liquid crystal production parts
- Electron tube parts, pumps, grinding materials
- Crucible liners
Aluminium nitride
AIN
Properties
*High themal conductivity
| Melting point (°C ) | 2200 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 400 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 170 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 2.4 |
| Specific gravity | 3.3 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 13 |
Applications
- Crucible,
- Components for heat sink,
- heat-resistant sheets,
- Semiconductor devices’ parts:
- heaters, ESC,
- dummy wafers,
- susceptor rings,
- shower plates,
- chambers,
- RF-windows
Silicon nitride
Si3N4
Properties
*High intensity, abrasion-resistant, thermal shock-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 1600 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 650 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 13 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 1.5 |
| Specific gravity | 3.2 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 16 |
Applications
- Parts for engines
- Gas turbine parts
- Bearing, guide rolls
- Cutting tools
- Pulverizer parts
- Gas burner parts
- Mixing blades
Silicon carbide
SiC
Properties
◇High solidity, chemical and wear resistance, high heat conductivity
| Melting point (°C ) | 2730 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 450 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 150 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 2.9 |
| Specific gravity | 3.1 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 24 |
Applications
- Components used at high temperature
- Sliding parts:
- Bearing,
- Mechanical seals
Zirconia
(Zirconium dioxide) ZrO2
Properties
*High fracture toughness, high strength, abrasion-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 2715 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 280 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 3 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 7.7 |
| Specific gravity | 6.0 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 13 |
Applications
- Cutlery for industrial purposes
- Scissors, kitchen knives
- Gauges:
- Pin gauge,
- Block gauge
- Various wear resistant parts
Boron nitride
BN
Properties
*Excellent electrical resistance at high temperature, thermal shock-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 2700 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 1500 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 63 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 1.4 |
| Specific gravity | 1.8 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 0.8 |
Applications
- High temperature atmospheric furnace insulator
- Various components for semiconductor processing equipment
- Crucibles for compound semiconductor
- Electrical part assembly jig
- Heat sinks
Powder: high temperature lubrication additive, release agent cosmetic products
Glass
Quartz glass
Properties
*Excellent electrical resistance at high temperature, thermal shock-resistant
| Melting point (°C ) | 1700 |
|---|---|
| Thermal Shock Resistance | 1000 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/(m・K)) | 1.4 |
| Thermal expansion coefficient (×10-6) | 0.5 |
| Specific gravity | 2.2 |
| Hardness (Hv)(GPa) | 9 |
Applications
-
Optics:
- Optical lens and prisms
- Various laser lenses
- Chemistry:
- Solvent distilling container
- Chemical experiment equipment
- Semi conductor industrial uses:
- CVD, all kinds of furnace tubes for diffusion purposes
- Photomask and etc.
Material Guide
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Top Seiko Co., Ltd.
〒526-0105
1197-4, Hosoe-cho, Nagahama City,
Shiga Pref.,526-0105 Japan
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